Balkinization  

Saturday, September 12, 2026

Constitutional Law and “Common Sense” Gun and Drug Regulation

David Pozen

For the Supreme Court Review, Joseph Blocher and I have a new paper that diagnoses a mismatch between the growing scholarly consensus on gun and drug regulation (generally favoring pragmatic approaches focused on reducing harms) and the constitutional rights doctrine on these subjects (generally either maximalist or minimalist). The Court’s most recent Second Amendment decisions are the point of departure. Here is the abstract for The Excluded Middle of Law: Constitutional Drivers of Extremism in Gun and Drug Policy, a draft of which is now up on SSRN:

American drug and gun regulation is difficult to defend from almost any perspective. Federal and state laws heap criminal penalties on a small subset of users, burden many others whose possession poses no direct threat to third parties, and yet fail to prevent staggering social harms. To address these pathologies, a long line of scholars and advocates has called for something in between punitive prohibitionism and laissez-faire capitalism: grudging toleration, harm reduction, liberty balancing, community-based alternatives, and so on. Among the forces pushing policy away from these pragmatic approaches, however, is U.S. constitutional doctrine.

Using the Supreme Court’s decisions in United States v. Hemani and Wolford v. Lopez as a jumping-off point, this Article explores the role of constitutional law in driving drug and gun policy to the extremes. Hemani holds out hope for limited forms of pragmatism to sneak into Second Amendment analysis through the side door. But in nearly inverse ways, the Article argues, the Court’s jurisprudence has complicated efforts in both fields to reach a more effective and humane regulatory middle ground.



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