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[Post No. 1] The March 2003 Yoo Memo Emerges! (not an April Fool's Joke): The Torture Memo to Top All Torture Memos
Marty Lederman
Subhead: The Big Kahuna: The Torture Memo that Makes the August 2002 Memo Look Like Objective and Thoughtful Legal Analysis
[UPDATE: As explained here, this timeline is mistaken: Jay Bybee had been confirmed to be a judge, but had not yet resigned from OLC, on March 13, 2003, a Thursday.] On Friday, March 13, 2003, Jay Bybee resigned from his Office as the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel, to become a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The very next day -- a Saturday, mind you -- John Yoo, merely a Deputy AAG in the Office, issued his notorious memo to the Pentagon, on behalf of OLC.
The Yoo memo effectively gave the Pentagon the green light to disregard statutory limits on torture, cruelty and maltreatment in the treatment of detainees. This is the version of the 2002 Torture memo, which was addressed only to the CIA and the torture statute, as applied to the numerous statutes restricting the conduct of the armed forces. None of those statues, you see, limits the conduct of war if the President says so. It is, in effect, the blueprint that led to Abu Ghraib and the other abuses within the armed forces in 2003 and early 2004. Here, finally, is Part One of that memo, and here is Part Two. (Thanks to the Washington Post for forwarding the memo.) (Needless to say, the classification of these memos all these years was ridiculously unjustified. There's no reason at all that this roll out could not have occurred in 2004.)
[UPDATE: This next paragraph is mistaken.] Think about that: Either Jay Bybee -- who actually signed the August 2002 torture memo concerning the CIA -- did not know of this explosive memorandum, or it was so implausible that Bybee refused to issue it to the Pentagon. And as soon as he was quite literally out the door, John Yoo did not hesitate to issue the opinion on a weekend, presumably bypassing the head of the office (Acting AAG Ed Whelan) and the Attorney General. (I am assured that Ed had no involvement in this matter.)
As I've discussed previously -- see for instance here and here, and as Jane Mayer has reported in great detail, the March 14th Yoo memorandum, and the April 2, 2003 DOD Working Group Report that incorporated its outrageous arguments about justifications for ignoring statutory limits on interrogation, was secretly briefed to Geoffrey Miller before he was assigned to Iraq, and became the source of all the abuse that occurred there in 2003 and early 2004. (In late 2004, new OLC head Jack Goldsmith reviewed the March 2003 memo, was stunned by what he later called the "unusual lack of care and sobriety in [its] legal analysis" -- it "seemed more an exercise of sheer power than reasoned analysis" -- and immediately called the Pentagon to implore them not to rely upon it. Later, the next head of OLC, Dan Levin, wrote the Pentagon to confirm that they rescind any policies that had been based on the Yoo memo. See the whole story here.)
Much more to follow in subsequent posts on the substance of the March 14th torture memo.
Footnote 10 is interesting. Apparently Yoo also issued an opinion that the Fourth Amendment does not apply to actions of the US military within the United States.
Amazing what a hack this guy is. One of the REASONS we have a Fourth Amendment was because the British government claimed its soldiers had the right to enter houses.
On page 11 et seq., Yoo confuses the Ashwander v. TVA canon of construction (construing to avoid conflict with the Constitution) with a "clear statement" rule, which permits Congressional action in certain areas but requires a clear statement that Congress intends to act.
He is trying to argue that Congress' statutes should all be construed to not apply to actions by the US military in wartime. He knows he can't get away with saying that they are all unconstitutional (given Article I's grant of Congressional power to make rules for captures and to govern the armed forces), so he says Congress has to specifically say that it intends to regulate the military in wartime.
This is not, however, what the Ashwander doctrine does. Rather, the Ashwander doctrine construes statutes to avoid constitutional questions because if the questions are reached, the courts would strike down the statute. What he is looking for is something more akin to the Court's presumption against extraterritoriality, where Congress has full power to legislate extraterritorially but just as to clearly indicate that this is Congress' intent.
The problem is, if he argues for that sort of a presumption, he can't really imply (as he wants to) that Article II grants the President plenary authority over detainees. So he's offering citations to Rule A even though the rule he wants is Rule B.
Hard to believe he ever got a professorship at Boalt Hall.
i noticed in one of the footnotes on one of the last pages of part one, nutraloaf is described merely as a change in the prisoner's diet.
Fox News has their panties in a twist over another lawsuit, filed on behalf of prisoners, claiming that Nutraloaf is so disguting, having to eat it is cruel and unusual punishment.
these prisoners complained they had been served it for up to seven day straight.
want to bet some gitmo boys have been eating it for years?
it was sort of a shock to me to see it so casually mentioned.
Footnote 13 is an absolute howler. It is his first mention of the EXPRESS power of Congress to regulate military captures, which is absolutely fatal to Yoo's argument (because OBVIOUSLY Congress can prohibit torture as part of that power). What does he say? He says that the Bush OLC, in commenting on a bill before Congress in 2002, already determined that Congress didn't have the power to regulate military commissions under that power. (This, I might add, was later rejected 9-0 by the Supreme Court in Hamdan.)
But of course, whether the captures power extends to military commissions is completely separate from whether it extends to prohibitions of detainee abuse. What does Yoo say? Well, he says that if the captures power does not extend to military commissions, it can't, by definition, extend to interrogations, because interrogations are part of the military commission process. That's like saying that because the Chief of Police doesn't have the power to control the criminal trial process, he or she also lacks the power to regulate the conduct of interrogations at the stationhouse!
And note, THIS ENTIRE DISCUSSION IS IN A FOOTNOTE. All these references to Article II powers in the text, but the EXPRESS Article I power that APPLIES DIRECTLY to interrogations is dismissed in a footnote.
This guy violated his oath of office to defend the Constitution.
On page 14, Yoo says that the War Crimes statute meets his clear statement rule, because there's no doubt that Congress intended it to apply to actions by the US military during war.
He says generally applicable laws, like the laws prohibiting assault, do not apply to the military because there is no clear statement by Congress.
OK, let's assume that's true. BUT YOO THEN GOES AND LUMPS THE TORTURE STATUTE IN WITH THE ASSAULT STATUTE. That's right, the Torture Act-- which was passed to implement a treaty which provides for NO EXCEPTIONS TO THE BLANKET RULE AGAINST TORTURE and which CLEARLY WAS INTEND TO BAR TORTURE BY MILITARY FORCES-- actually doesn't apply to the military. Wow.
Adding onto my previous comment, on page 16 Yoo argues that the torture statute can't apply to unlawful combatants. I wonder how the other nations negotiating the Torture Convention would have reacted if the US delegate had said that we understood the convention not to prohibit torture of anyone conducting an act of violence while not wearing a distinctive insignia and fighting as part of a regularized military or militia.
On page 17, we learn that the torture statute doesn't apply to the US military too, because the UCMJ is more specific and specific statutes always trump the general.
Only they don't; plenty of offenses violate both more specific and less specific criminal statutes. He's just grasping at straws now.
At page 33, we see why these guys hung so much on Common Article III of the Geneva Conventions not applying to the detainees. It's basically their entire argument as to why they are not war criminals.
Someone ought to ask Yoo this now. "Professor Yoo, given that the Supreme Court held that the detainees were in fact protected by Common Article III, doesn't this mean that under your analysis the War Crimes Act was violated by the President's interrogation policies"? Seems to me if he were honest (which he obviously isn't), he would have to say "yes".
Footnote 41 notes that the torture statute carries the death penalty if the torture results in death. We know that at least 1 detainee died from extreme hypothermia in US custody. That was a capital crime.
The reasoning on page 38 has already been extensively discussed; Yoo decides that the most analogous statute to determine what severe pain means in the context of torture is a statute defining severe pain in the context of providing health care benefits!
He construes the mental pain portion of the torture statute to apply only to four specific acts listed in the statute-- even though, again, the torture statute was an IMPLEMENTING STATUTE of a treaty which was intended to BROADLY ban the imposition of severe mental pain or suffering.
On page 47, Yoo contends that any authorization by the President of an illegal interrogation is the same thing as suspending a treaty. He cites the US' withdrawal from the ABM treaty as support.
No, John, it isn't. Bush announced the US' withdrawal from the ABM treaty. That's not the same thing as saying that Bush could have not announced the US' withdrawal and simply started deploying anti-ballistic missiles in violation of the treaty. 2 different things.
According to Yoo on page 53, the Senate's formal understandings at time of ratification are meaningless in treaty interpretation. Wow. Goldsmith was right. Even when Congress might help these guys, they were such fetishists for executive power they wanted no part of it.
So even if the Senate says "we're signing the torture convention but only on the condition that we understand this provision to be limited to X", according to Yoo, that understanding has no role in interpreting the treaty. Like I said, wow. He just turned 200 years of established international law on its head.
On page 57, according to Yoo, with NO citation to authority, a treaty that EXPRESSLY says that there can be NO justification for torture, including war, and which was NOT subject to any reservation or understanding on that point, still HAS to be interpreted as permitting torture during wartime, because John Yoo, who is apparently our platonic guardian, has decided that nations cannot limit their right to self defense.
News flash, John-- EVERY FRICKING ARMS CONTROL TREATY LIMITS OUR RIGHT TO SELF DEFENSE. How shoddy can you get?
On page 76, our brilliant legal theorist argues that because Congress simply prohibited torture, and didn't say anything in particular about the purposes of torture (whereas the CAT said specifically that torture to obtain information is illegal), that means Congress didn't actually intend to prohibit torture to obtain information. Got that? A statute that says "don't torture", to implement a treaty that says "don't torture, including but not limited to for the purposes of obtaining information", really means "you can torture as long as you are seeking information". Lovely legal reasoning.
On pages 78-79, we get the argument that because there may be a self-defense defense to a charge of assault, i.e., you can assault someone who places you in danger of harm, or who places someone else in danger of harm, that means that a torture statute that was specifically passed to implement a treaty that said you can't torture someone for ANY REASON allows a defense that the torturer was protecting the public.
I would love to see Yoo argue that one in court. "So you mean that dunking captives in water, freezing them to near death, beating them, and subjecting them to electric shocks is the same thing as shooting a burglar who pulls a gun on you in your home?"
The business about only violating the mental disturbance part of the torture statute if you actually had the intent to cause profound mental disturbance - that can't be a fair reading of the law, can it?
It would appear that the only thing that would satisfy Yoo would be a constitutional amendment that specifically barred torture during warfare and which categorically ruled out exceptions. Anything short of that and either it would be unenforceable because it was in conflict with Article II powers or could not be construed to impinge on the nation's right to self-defense or both.
Dilan--Could the President detain and torture those who advocated such an Amendment? After all, the First Amendment grants rights of general applicability, and, during times of war, should not be construed to limit the more specific Commander-in-Chief clause .
Dilan: Thanks for all the brief / preliminary comments. Very helpful to get more flavor than news paper articles generally provide, and unfortunately, I've not the time or inclination to wade into the substance of the memo itself at the moment.
.
After all the lamenting of outcome-based jurisprudence, now we are treated to a heaping helping of outcome-based "faithful execution of legislation." Feh.
Well, I certainly understand why these memos were classified. Talk about being too embarrassing to publish! I look forward to this 'reasoning' being torn apart by people who know what they're talking about, which clearly doesn't include Yoo.
I was having lunch a few months ago at Great China (best Chinese restaurant in Berkeley), and guess who was across the room? Yep, Professor Yoo. I'm not sure why he made faculty at UC, but then again, I'm in the sciences.
At Boalt alone there's Yoo and Phil Johnson (the founder of Intelligent Design). I don't know if they're fascist, but "batshit insane" seems pretty accurate.
I hate to post a stupid/ignorant question, but where are the commenters finding the 2nd half of the memo? The first 40 pages were linked in the WP article, and I've seen them hotlinked on various sites, but people here (dilan, for example) are commenting on the 2nd half of the memo and I can't find it anywhere. Feel free to mock my ignorance if anybody can point me in the right direction -- I'm intensely desperate to get the second half of this . . . interesting analytical approach.
eric: much thanks. Several sites have "part 1 and 2" links that only go to pages 1-20 and 21-40 (http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/04/todays_must_read_308.php, for example), so I presumed the links in the story covered the same pages since they were in the same "two part" format.
Well, I think one needs to pour over this for hours to come up with a thorough and intelligent comment... But I just have to tell you, I couldn't stop shaking my head in disbelief! At one point I began laughing out loud...it was in part two, citing the Israeli supreme court case-frog crouching, etc., he actually said "while the court found it to be cruel and unusual punishment, it was not deemed torture..." oh god, I still can't type that without laughing...
Also of note, apparently the the United States of America will be in a state of war in perpetuity as the president's power is at it "zenith" when he is acting as commander in chief during international conflict. Too bad Hillary Clinton spent all that money on the 3am ads, doesn't matter what time the call comes now... Yoo for Emperor!!!
Further to the numerous expressions of shock and surprise above, may I remind everyone that this administration tried to argue that the Supreme Court's jurisdiction didn't even extend to places like Gitmo? Imagine that, you have soldiers somewhere, and are holding prisoners at that place, but you have no judicial authority there. That doesn't sound like imprisonment at all, but kidnapping.
Thankfully this is one of the things that the partisan hacks of the Supreme Court did not fall for. Instead, exactly one year ago, they refused to rule on the constitutionality of the odious Military Commissions Act which suspends habeas corpus in a manner that is patently unconstitutional. (BBC Story) In practical terms this refusal to consider the case was a de facto judgment in favor of the administration. The prisoners were neither released nor afforded their rights.
At Boalt alone there's Yoo and Phil Johnson (the founder of Intelligent Design).
Philip Johnson didn't found ID. IF anything, that would have been Davis and Kenyon, or possibly William Dembski and Jonathan Wells.
Philip Johnson is an out-and-out creationist.
I had a nuber of conversations with him in the halls after lecture, but not on his creationism crapola. Mostly about his misunderstanding of science, but some about criminal law. He's under the impression that having been Warren's clerk makes him an authority in everything. T'aint true.
In defence of Boalt, they also had/have Robert Post, Willie Fletcher (one of the most respected authorities on federalism), Jesse Choper, and Rachel Moran.
Franklin Zimring taught one course there too.
But I was told that Boalt tended to have a more conservative faculty to go with its liberal students.
He's under the impression that having been Warren's clerk makes him an authority in everything. T'aint true.
He certainly had an ego in distant past when I had him for Crim Pro/Crim Law. I liked his classes though; he was entertaining and lively. Also sane in those days.
Torture? What torture? According to the NY Times and other media reports, the memo is about "harsh interrogation" tactics and they don't even mention the "T" word...
Wiki gives the "credit" to Johnson. So do other sources.
See my link. Johnson was a "johnny-come-lately" and latched on primarily because creationism was taking a beating and he needed the sub rosa approach of ID (but see the "Wedge document" for the exposure of this subterfuge). Certainly, Dembski was the academic founder of substantial parts of the 'argument', and this was expanded on by Behe. Johnson was, at best, a cheerleader. Maybe the primary cheerleader, but a cheerleader nonetheless.
The really sad thing about people like Yoo, is how fanatically they promote and support policies that they themselves would never wish enacted upon themselves. One of these days, I'd really love to see Yoo "rendered", disappeared from his family and friends, hidden away in some foreign country where, technically, the US can claim they aren't violating any treaties or laws (because the other country is actually "in charge" of the prison and detainee operations), without access to counsel or courts for maybe half a decade without any charges being brought upon him, with his entire detainment based only on a suspicion of some crime (in his case, I'd say conspiracy to commit treason). Beaten and tortured every day, until he begs for his life, screams out anything to stop the abuse, or eventually goes insane from the conflict that arises in our minds when we're forced to say things that aren't true, or about which we really have no knowledge. Then, after Yoo is left a pathetic shell of the man he used to be, we'll release his out the back of a truck in that foreign country, in the middle of nowhere without any money or food, leaving him to find his way home (yes, this too actually happens). Once he gets home, if he does, he'll find his life is gone. His family, presuming he was dead and lost long ago, would have moved on. His children might not remember his face, and his wife likely remarried. His job would be gone, and for the rest of his days on Earth - regardless of the fact that he never committed nor was ever charged with any crime, everyone in his community would effectively shun him, refuse to give him work, avoid associating themselves with him. He'd become one of the world's walking dead. And in my opinion, he'd deserve it. Everything described above, could actually happen to him -- and it would be a result of his own efforts to manipulate the law and justify the diminution of our sacred Constitution. And this story could just as easily happen to any of us. Sorry John... I know you were born in Korea, a country heavily influenced by China and the Meiji-period Japan), but in this country (America, just in case you need a reminder) no one person should ever be permitted any more power or authority than can be controlled by the People. Your cozy bed-fellows, "Bush-and-Company", cannot - under any interpretation of The Constitution - ever grant themselves virtually unlimited war powers, and THEN declare a perpetual war that can never actually end. Terrorists and rogue agents will always exist (which was common knowledge even at our founding), which is why "war" is meant to be waged against nations, and "national defense" (policies and ongoing efforts) help us deal with terrorists, nukes, fanatics and such. My advice to John: After Bush is gone, you should seriously consider retiring quietly to some remote location where Americans won't be bothered any more by your fascist manifestos.
...just following-up on my long-winded rant... I should have said "I wish Yoo would get rendered..", but what will likely happen instead is that he will get a high-paying consultant job with the GOP, appear regularly on Fox, be paid handsomly for appearances and be praised ad nauseum by the neocon conservatives - retiring in luxury and comfort, while the rest of us poor saps spend our days in fear of our own executive, to which Yoo had far too much influence in giving it power.
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تعتبر شركتنا شركة المهندس الشركه الأولي في مجال شركة تنظيف بالطائف سواء كانت فلل أو شقق أواستراحات أواحواش أومجالس أو شركة تنظيف خزانات أو شركة تنظيف مسابح شركة تنظيف فلل حيث تقوم شركة المهندس الكثير في مجال شركة تنظيف فلل في أعمال التنظيف الشامله للفلل من الداخل والخارج تكون عملية التنظيف من الداخل للفلا المراد تنظيفها أوالذي يحتاج لعملية التنظيف حيث أن عملية التنظيف لاتقتصر علي مكان معين للتنظيف ولكن عملية التنظيف لدينا تشمل كل ما يحتاج لعملية التنظيف سواء شركة تنظيف أو شركة تنظيف منازل أو تنظيف مجالس وكنب وموكيت وفرشات ويوجد لدينا أعمال التنظيف بالبخار وأيضا كما شركة تنظيف بالاحساء ذكر تتم عملية التنظيف من قبلنا نحن شركة المهندس لجميع ما يحتاج لعملية التنظيف للفلل سواء يحتاج لتنظيف العادي أو التنظيف بالبخار حيث تتم عملية تنظيف فنجد أن الفلل تختلف أولا من حيث المساحه وثانيا من حيث نوعها سواء كانت فيلا جديده أو فيلا مستعمله فنحن شركة تنظيف لدينا جميع الطرق والمعدات والمواد والعماله الماهره لتنفيذ عملية التنظيف فنجد الإختلاف من حيث لو كانت عملية التنظيف سوف تكون فلل الجديده فتكون الفيلا علي الأرضيات أثار من عملية التنظيف كما نقدم شركة تنظيف خزانات بالطائف كالدهانات والإسمنت والجبس وأشياء كثيره فلذلك فإن الجديده تحتاج أرضياتها لعملية جلي لإزالة هذه الأشياء وأيضا نستغرق وقت أطول وتحتاج إلي جهد أكبر وتحتاج لعملية نقل أثاث لأن الفيلا جديده ويتطلب لها عملية التنظيف ليسكنها العميل وأسرته ولذلك بعد الإنتهاء من عملية التنظيف شركة تسليك مجارى بالطائف ولأن شركتنا تعتمد كل الاعتماد على الأساليب والتقنيات الحديثة والمتميزه ؛ فنحن لا نعتمد على عاملين من الشوارع بل اننا نعتمد على أفضل العماله المتميزه والمحترفه والتى تم تأهيلهم وتدريبهم لكى يستطيعون ويتكيفون فى التعامل مع اصعب شركة تسليك مجاري بالطائف الظروف الصعبه من التعرف على اماكن انسدادات المجرى ونحن شركتنا شركه تسليك مجارى نتبع الأساليب الحديثة ؛ لذلك يمكننا الان الحديث عن أفضل الطرق التى تعتمد عليها الشركة
خصم 20% علي جميع خدماتنا اتصل الان علي 0547099453 شركة المحترف شركة مكافحة حشرات بالخبر نقدم في شركة المحترف افضل شركة مكافحة حشرات بالاحساء - الجبيل - الخبر - القطيف الحمدلله تم اختيار شركتنا شركة المحترف الشركه الافضل بالمنطقة الشرقية تم اختيار شركتنا من ثقة عملائنا الكرام بشركتنا وكل هذال الثقه شركة مكافحة حشرات بالاحساء ليسة من فراغ فتقدم شركتنا افضل العروض والتائج في ذالك المجال فنحن نقدم افضل العروض والخصمات من اجل عملائنا الكرام الذين قامو بتعامل معنا ومنحو شركتنا ثقه كبيرا جدا في ذالك المجال مجال شركة مكافحة حشرات فنحن نقول لك ايها العزيز اذا كان لديك منزل مالئ بالحشرات وتحتاج شركه مكافحة حشرات لتخلصك من جميع الحشرات التي داخل منزل فسوف تحتاج شركه منسبه لك من حيث الامانه والتقنيه العاليا من اجهزتها والجوده العاليا والخبره والكفائه في ذالك المجال فنحن نقول لك نحن الشركه التي انت تبحث عنها منز وقت طويل فنحن لدينا افضل الفنين ولمهندسين في ذالك المجال اتصل نصلك اينما كنت شركة مكافحة حشرات بالقطيف في شركة المحترف ستجد كل ماهوا جديد ومهم في عالم المكافحه فمكافحة الحشرات امر مهم جدا وستحتاج شركه لتخلصك من هذا الحشرات المزعجه التي داخل منزلك ومن انواع الحشرات الخطيره التي تتكاثر بشده في المنزل حشرت النمل الابيض فاذا وجد هذا الحشره بمنزلك فاعلم انا الخراب سيحل الي منزلك فهذا الحشره ستوجهلك مشاكل كثيره مثل التاكل في الابواب والشبابيك او الدرايش التي بالمنزل وتعمل الي نقل الامراض داخل منزلك مثل مرض البهاق ومرض احمار الجلد فاكل هذا اضرار علي اسرتك فاذا وجد هذا الحشره بمنزلك اتصل بنا فور حدوث المشكله اتصل بنا وسوف نرسل شركة مكافحة حشرات بالجبيل لك المهندسين المتخصصين بذالك المجال والفنين ليقضو علي جميع الحشرات الطائره والزاحفه بالمنزل شركة المحترف اسم يعني الثقه في مجال مكافحة الحشرات اتصل نصلك انما كنت نحن متواجدون علي مدار 24 ساعه في خدمتكم شركة تنظيف كنب سجاد موكيت بالقطيف شركة تنظيف كنب سجاد موكيت بالجبيل
نقدم في شركة فارس الفرسان خدمات التنظيف الشامله بالدمام والمناطق المجاوره لها مثل الاحساء - الجبيل - الخبر - القطيف - الظهران - سيهات - راس تنوره التي تم تنظيفها ليسكنها العميل وهناك من أنواع الفلل المستخدمه أوالمستعمله المسكونه من قبل ويحتاج العميل إلي تنظيفها لكي يسكنها فالفلل والشقق والمنازل المستعمله التي تم سكنها من قبل نجد فيها من حيث الأرضيات أثار قديمه تحتاج للتنظيف وإن كانت مفروشه فنجد أن مكان الموكيت القديم غزاء علي الأرضيات وهذه أيضا تحتاج إلي عملية تنظيف تستغرق وقت أطول وجهد أكبر حيث تكون جدران المطبخ ملطخه بالزيوت لأنها إستخدمت من قبل فنحن شركة تنظيف بالخبر نستخدم اللازم في عملية تنظيف الفلل والمنازل والشقق المستخدمه من قبل وهناك أيضا من أنواع البيوت المفروشه بمعني أن تكون البيت أرضيات مفروشه من الموكيت والسجاد وأيضا تحتوي علي المجالس والكنب وأيضا تحتوي علي الأثاث والدواليب والسراير وأدوات المطابخ والستائر وهكذا فكل هذه الأشياء تحتاج لعملية تنظيف وتلميع سواء تنظيف عادي أو تنظيف بالبخار ويتم تحديد العمل حسب رغبة العميل سواء طلب العميل بالتنظيف العادي أو التنظيف بالبخار في شركة تنظيف بالاحساء بالبخار وأيضا الحمامات لأن الحمامات تحتاج عملية تنظيف كامله جدران وأرضيات وأحواض وقواعد وتلميع الأشياء المصنوعه من الإستالس وأيضا تحتاج الحمامات لعملية التعقيم بعد عملية التنظيف وأيضا الدواليب والسرائر والأشياء المصنوعه من الخشب الموجوده بالشقه فيتم تلميع تلك الأشياء التي تحتاج إلي عملية تنظيف وتلميع بمنظفات وملمعات خاصه فقط لتلميع تلك الأشياء وهناك أيضا الأشياء الزجاجيه الموجوده بالفيلا التي تحتاج إلي عملية التنظيف فنحن شركة تنظيف نوفر لتلك الأشياء منظفات وملمعات خاصه أيضا عملية التنظيف للمجالس أو الكنب او السجاد والموكيت وجميع المفروشات فأيضا شركتنا شركة تنظيف وإن كانت الفيلا مفروشه فهذا شرح تنظيف المجالس والمفروشات بها تنظيف مجالس نقدم خدمة شركة تنظيف بالجبيل والمفروشات بالبخار حيث تميزنا تلك العمليه من حيث الخبره والمعدات الجديثه فنقدم بعمل تنظيف كامل للفلل حتي تصبح مناسبه يتطلبه العميل وأيضا عملية تنظيف الأحواش فأغلب الأحواش تحتاج لعملية الجلي والتلميع وليس التلميع فقط فيتم تنظيفها وتلميعها بالكامل سواء تحتاج جلي أو تلميع وهناك أيضا في مجال التنظيف من الخارج عملية التنظيف للواجهات بأنواهعا فمنها الواجهات الزجاجيه فتقدم فارس الفرسان شركة تنظيف واجهات زجاجيه نقدم الخدمه الكامله في عملية تنظيف الواجهات الزجاجيه بجميع إرتفاعها أيا كان إرتفاع تلك الواجهات فلذلك نحن شركة تنظيف لدينا الأوناش التي تناسب جميع الإتفاعات ولدينا أيضا العماله المدربه لعملية تنظيف الواجهات الزجاجيه بجميع أنواعها وبجميع إرتفاعاتها ولدينا المنظفات وملمعات الخاصه لتلك الواجهات وأيضا عملية التنظيف من قبلنا لجميع أنواع الواجهات فنحن شركة فارس الفرسان نوفر لعملائنا خدمةالتنظيف الشامل بجميع أنواع التنظيف وجميع الأشياء التي تحتاج إلي عملية التنظيف فعملنا علي توفير خدمات التنظيف الشامله للمنازل والمباني والفرشات والخزانات والمسابح وجميع ما يحتاج لعملية التنظيف ولذلك نعتبر الشركه الأولي في شركة تنظيف من حيث الخبره وطريقة العمل في عملية التنظيف كما نوفر لعملائنا خدمة السعر المناسب وإستلام المكان الذي يحتاج لعملية التنظيف فلل منازل شقق بيوت علي توفير عملية التنظيف المنزل من الداخل أو الخارج وكذلك إذا كانت المنزل مفروشه أو فارغه عملنا علي شرح طريقة التنظيف بالكامل وبذلك إنتهينا من شرح عملية التنظيف للبيت
عزيزى العميل لاتعرف كيف تتخلص من الدهون والزيوت المتراكمه داخل المطابخ والاوساخ والبقع والاتربه داخل كل زاويه من البيت مع القيام بغسل السجاد وتنظيف المجلس وغيرها من الاعمال الشاقه والمتعبه والتى تحتاج الى وقت كثير مع عدم الحصول على النظافه المطلوبه وذلك لعدم استخدام الالات الحديثه التى تقوم بانهاء العمل بسرعه ودقه مع استخدام مواد فتاكه وفعاله فى القضاء على الدهون والبقع فى ثوانى معدوده مع ارسال فريق لديه الخبره فى التعامل مع اثاث ومحتويات البيت والمهاره فى اتقان العمل فنحن نتكلم عن شركة الكمال لتنظيف الشامل داخل وخارج البيت شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة الكمال لتنظيف الخزانات بالدمام تضمن لكم الحصول على مياه نقيه خاليه من الشوائب والرواسب لما للمياه من اهميه كبيره فى بناء الجسم فماذا يحدث اذا كانت غير نظيفه فان معظم سكان المملكه يعتمدون على المياه المحلاه من البحار التى تمتلئ بالرواسب ومع كثرة استعمالها تتكون الطفيليات والرواسب داخل الخزان فتحتاج الى شركة تنظيف للخزانات فشركة الكمال تعمل التخلص من الرواسب والطفيليات وتعقيم الخزان للحصول على مياه نظيفة وذلك من خلال استخدام احدث الالات والمواد المنظفة الامنة على ايدى خبراء متخصصين مع تصليح العيوب فى الخزانات ان وجدت شركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام شركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام هل تريد مكافحة الحشرات المتواجده داخل المنازل والحد من انتشارها والتخلص منها نهائيا لما تسببه من انتشار للجراثيم وانتقال العدوة من شخص لاخر وهناك انواع من الحشرات تؤدى الى الاصابة بامراض مذمنة وحشرات قد تؤدى الى انهيار البيت مثل النمل الابيض والعته وغيرها فشركتنا تضمن لك التخلص من الحشرات نهائيا ودون عوده من خلال مراقبتها ومعرفة اماكن تجممها والمبيد الخاص بها مع استخدام الات تصل الى اضيق وابعد الاماكن فلا تقلق عزيزى العميل مع تواجد شركة الكمال لمكافحة الحشرات بالدمام لما تمتلك من مصداقيه وثقه من عملائها الكرام شركة مكافحة الحشرات بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
معنا فى شركة الكمال ستحصل على ماهو جديد فى كافة مجالات التنظيف وكشف التسربات ومكافحة الحشرات
العملاء دائما يبحثون عن حل لمشكلة تسريبات المياه داخل البيوت وغيرها ولا يجدوا غير الشركات العابره والغير متخصصه والتى عانوا منها الكثير من تكسير الحوائط وتخريب البيت وعدم التخلص من المشكله وعودتها بعد فتره قصيره فشركتنا شركة الكمال تعلن عن امتلاكها لفريق متخصص فى كشف التسريب المبكر فهم يمتلكون الخبره والكفائه والجوده مع استعمالهم لادق واحدث الاجهزه الالكترونيه الحديثه التى تحدد مكان التسريب دون اخطاء وتكسير وتتميز شركتنا باعادة البيت افضل من السابق بعد الانتهاء من العمل مع اعطاء ضمان لعملائها والقيام بالصيانه الدوريه لتاكد من راحة العملاء كشف تسربات المياه شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام شركة الكمال لتنظيف المجالس بالدمام لما لها من اطلاله رائعه وديكور خاص وتنظيف معقد يحتاج الى خبره واساليب فنيه حديثه لتنظيف المجلس والحوائط التى تختلف عن الارضيات والسجاد والستائر والتحف والانتيكات مع تغيير الديكور اذا اراد العميل على ايدى مهندسين متخصصين ويتم العمل بدقه وجوده عاليه باستخدام احدث الالات والماكينات المتطوره واقوى المواد المنظفه والامنه وعالية الجوده ويتم العمل على ايدى فريق متخصص يمتلك اساليب وطرق فنيه حديثه فى مجال التنظيف فاستعن بشركتنا لتحصل على افضل خدمه وبذلك تحصل على غرفة استقبال ذات اطلاله رائعه امام زائريك تنظيف مجالس شركة تنظيف مجالس بالدمام قد قمت عزيزى العميل باستخدام مبيدات عديده ومتنوعه السام منها والضار ومع ذلك لم تقضى على الحشرات لعدم معرفتك بها وكيفية حياتها والمبيد الخاص بها فشركتنا شركة الكمال لديها فريق عمل قد قام بدراسة جميع انواع الحشرات مع معرفة كيفية التعامل معها واماكن تجمعها لتخلص منها نهائيا دون عوده مع التعامل بشكل جدى مع النمل الابيض والبق والعته لما لهم من اضرار كثيره ولا تقلق عزيزى العميل فنحن نقوم باستعمال مواد امنه ومصرح بها ذات الرائحه وعديم الرائحه مع استخدام الات تقوم بعملية الرش فى نطاق واسع وهذا ما يميز شركة الكمال شركة رش مبيد بالدمام شركة رش مبيدات بالدمام هل تعانى من انسداد البلاعات داخل البيت وطفحها وهذا يؤدى الى اعاقة حركتك وعدم استعمالك للمياه خوفا من عموم الفوضى داخل البيت وهذه بيئه تعمل على جذب الحشرات وانتشار الجراثيم والميكروبات واكثر ما تكون داخل المبطابخ التى هى بيت الداء والدواء فاذا كنت تريد التخلص من المشكله قبل حدوثها بالقيام بصيانه من فتره لاخرى او بعد حدوثها من تسليك البلاعات فقم بالاتصال بشركة الكمال لامكانياتها المتنوعه من استخدام احدث الالات والمعدات والمواد المنظفه وعلى ايدى خبراء متخصصون فى مجال عمليات التسليك اليدوى منها وغيره فشركتنا هى الرائده والمميزه فلا تبحث كثيرا شركة تسليك مجارى بالدمام شركة تسليك مجارى بالدمام هل تعلم ان السجاد هو اهم شئ فى البيت لانه يعمل على تناسق محتويات البيت واعطاءه لوحه فنيه رائعه ومتكامله لذلك نعمل على نظافته دائما ولكنه من اولى الاشياء التى يتم اتساخها لكثرة استعمالها ولصعوبة تنظيفه نقوم بالاستعانه بشركه تنظيف السجاد ولكن لا تبتعد عن شركة الكمال لتخصصها وخبرتها الطويله لانها تضمن لك الحصول على سجاد نظيف خالى من الاوساخ والبقع والاتربه مع الحفاظ على لونه ووبرته وخامته وذلك من خلال استخدام احدث الالات واقوى المواد المنظفه والمعطره وعلى ايدى فنيين متخصصين فنحن الافضل والاجدر فلا تبحث كثيرا شركة تنظيف سجاد بالدمام شركة تنظيف سجاد وموكيت بالدمام