Balkinization   |
Balkinization
Balkinization Symposiums: A Continuing List                                                                E-mail: Jack Balkin: jackbalkin at yahoo.com Bruce Ackerman bruce.ackerman at yale.edu Ian Ayres ian.ayres at yale.edu Corey Brettschneider corey_brettschneider at brown.edu Mary Dudziak mary.l.dudziak at emory.edu Joey Fishkin joey.fishkin at gmail.com Heather Gerken heather.gerken at yale.edu Abbe Gluck abbe.gluck at yale.edu Mark Graber mgraber at law.umaryland.edu Stephen Griffin sgriffin at tulane.edu Jonathan Hafetz jonathan.hafetz at shu.edu Jeremy Kessler jkessler at law.columbia.edu Andrew Koppelman akoppelman at law.northwestern.edu Marty Lederman msl46 at law.georgetown.edu Sanford Levinson slevinson at law.utexas.edu David Luban david.luban at gmail.com Gerard Magliocca gmaglioc at iupui.edu Jason Mazzone mazzonej at illinois.edu Linda McClain lmcclain at bu.edu John Mikhail mikhail at law.georgetown.edu Frank Pasquale pasquale.frank at gmail.com Nate Persily npersily at gmail.com Michael Stokes Paulsen michaelstokespaulsen at gmail.com Deborah Pearlstein dpearlst at yu.edu Rick Pildes rick.pildes at nyu.edu David Pozen dpozen at law.columbia.edu Richard Primus raprimus at umich.edu K. Sabeel Rahmansabeel.rahman at brooklaw.edu Alice Ristroph alice.ristroph at shu.edu Neil Siegel siegel at law.duke.edu David Super david.super at law.georgetown.edu Brian Tamanaha btamanaha at wulaw.wustl.edu Nelson Tebbe nelson.tebbe at brooklaw.edu Mark Tushnet mtushnet at law.harvard.edu Adam Winkler winkler at ucla.edu Compendium of posts on Hobby Lobby and related cases The Anti-Torture Memos: Balkinization Posts on Torture, Interrogation, Detention, War Powers, and OLC The Anti-Torture Memos (arranged by topic) Recent Posts Karpinski: Rumsfeld Approved Coercive Interrogation Methods
|
Saturday, November 25, 2006
Karpinski: Rumsfeld Approved Coercive Interrogation Methods
JB
Reuters reports that former General Janis Karpinski (later demoted to colonel because of her own actions arising out of the Abu Ghraib scandal) has now offered to testify against Donald Rumsfeld: Former U.S. Army Brigadier General Janis Karpinski told Spain's El Pais newspaper she had seen a letter apparently signed by Rumsfeld which allowed civilian contractors to use techniques such as sleep deprivation during interrogation. Karpinski, who ran the prison until early 2004, said she saw a memorandum signed by Rumsfeld detailing the use of harsh interrogation methods. "The handwritten signature was above his printed name and in the same handwriting in the margin was written: "Make sure this is accomplished"," she told Saturday's El Pais. "The methods consisted of making prisoners stand for long periods, sleep deprivation ... playing music at full volume, having to sit in uncomfortably ... Rumsfeld authorized these specific techniques." "We received a message from the Pentagon, from the Defense Secretary, ordering us to hold the prisoner without registering him. I now know this happened on various occasions." Karpinski said last week she was ready to testify against Rumsfeld, if a suit filed by civil rights groups in Germany over Abu Ghraib led to a full investigation. We've long assumed that prisoner abuse in Iraq occured in part because the Pentagon entrusted detainee operations in Iraq to commanders who promultaged confusing and conflicting rules that were not consistent with Geneva. These confusions, in turn, were produced in part because the Pentagon had created special rules for the CIA and certain military Special Forces personnel. These ideas about what was appropriate migrated from the CIA and Special Forces rules to Iraq, Gitmo, and elsewhere. (See Marty's summary from August 2005). Although the United States' official positions were that (1) Geneva applied to the conflict in Iraq; and (2) U.S. forces complied with Geneva, Geneva was often flouted, particularly in Iraq. Karpinski's statement is important because it suggests that there was more than mere confusion at stake, that this was not the accidental migration of CIA/Special Forces techniques to ordinary military detentions in Iraq. She is asserting that Rumsfeld deliberately approved techniques for Iraq that violated Geneva (and hence the War Crimes Act). To be sure, the Military Commissions Act attempts to hold U.S. personnel harmless for what they did during this period. But whether or not this insulates Rumsfeld from prosecutions in the United States under the federal War Crimes Act (or other federal statutes), it does not insulate him from prosecution in other countries for violations of international law.
Comments:
This is a question out of ignorance, not a challenge to the post.
The article begins stating "Outgoing Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld authorized the mistreatment of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq..." It then lists the following methods: - making prisoners stand for long periods -sleep deprivation -playing music at full volume -having to sit in uncomfortably (sic) Are these methods definitively categorized as "mistreatment"? Is there some honest debate about this? Your insight is appreciated.
CMclean: In theory -- and even according to the Administration's own assertions -- the prisoners in Iraq were entitled to the full protection for POWs (or civilians) under the Geneva Conventions. If so, they could not be coerced at all. And so, yes, under Geneva, those techniques are "mistreatment." (The question would be a bit more complicated -- but only a bit -- for prisoners, such as those in GTMO, who may "only" be protected by Common Article 3. Even then, these techniques certainly *can* rise to the level of prohibited cruel or inhumane treatment. But in Iraq, the question ought to have been simple.)
For further speculation on how the Administration could have approved this while at the same time professing that Geneva applied in Iraq, see my post to which Jack helpfully linked.
I am so tired of the press offering bald faced lies as "reporting" of the news. This Reuters hit piece is a perfect example of the technique. Let us see how it is done....
Outgoing Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld authorized the mistreatment of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, the prison's former U.S. commander said in an interview on Saturday. This opening paragraph is a complete lie which is not supported by the following reporting. Former U.S. Army Brigadier General Janis Karpinski told Spain's El Pais newspaper she had seen a letter apparently signed by Rumsfeld which allowed civilian contractors to use techniques such as sleep deprivation during interrogation. Karpinski commanded a reserve MP brigade at Abu Ghraib, not civilian contractors. This alleged letter is not an order authorizing Karpinski to do anything. Moreover, the coercive techniques allegedly authorized in this letter are not the sexual abuses perpetrated by several soldiers under Karpinski's command. Thus, Reutuer's claim that "Outgoing Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld authorized the mistreatment of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq" is a lie by Reutuers which is not based on anything Karpinski stated in this article. Rumsfeld also authorized the army to break the Geneva Conventions by not registering all prisoners, Karpinski said, explaining how she raised the case of one unregistered inmate with an aide to former U.S. commander Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez. The Geneva Conventions require registration of those who qualify as POWs. None of these captures so qualify. Karpinski said last week she was ready to testify against Rumsfeld, if a suit filed by civil rights groups in Germany over Abu Ghraib led to a full investigation. The commander of the unit which committed the most notorious war crime alleged against the United States in Iraq is going to testify on behalf of "human rights groups" suing the US government over the crimes committed at Abu Ghraib? Well that says all that needs to be said the motivations of both Karpinski (CYA) and the "human rights groups" for whom human rights take a back seat to political considerations. If these "human rights groups" were in the least concerned about the Iraqi victims, they would be suing Karpinski, not using her as a witness. This analogous to using Lt. William Calley as a witness to sue the Sec Def for the war crimes at My Lai. Karpinski's statement is important because it suggests that there was more than mere confusion at stake, that this was not the accidental migration of CIA/Special Forces techniques to ordinary military detentions in Iraq. Migrations of what techniques exactly? This letter discusses the use os sleep deprivation and loud music to interrogate prisoners. This are not the sexual abuse for which Karpinski's soldiers were prosecuted nor are they forbidden by law. She is asserting that Rumsfeld deliberately approved techniques for Iraq that violated Geneva (and hence the War Crimes Act). Once again, these Captures do not fall under the definition of POWs established by the Geneva Conventions. The DoD can extend or withhold these protections to the unlawful enemy combatants captured in Iraq as it sees fit. The Geneva Conventions do not compel DoD to extend these benefits.
Marty Lederman said...
CMclean: In theory -- and even according to the Administration's own assertions -- the prisoners in Iraq were entitled to the full protection for POWs (or civilians) under the Geneva Conventions. Which prisoners captured in Iraq? As you noted in your linked post, the United States did not voluntarily extend the Geneva Convention POW protections to foreign al Qaeda unlawful enemy combatants which they voluntarily extended to captured Iraqi unlawful enemy combatants.
Bart said just what I was going to. Marty's linked to post doesn't say what he is asserting here. (Or at least he is misrepresenting the administration's stance.)
BD: Once again, these Captures do not fall under the definition of POWs established by the Geneva Conventions.
Of course, the treatment of civilians is also covered in the Geneva Conventions, so being designated a PoW is not a prerequisite to its application. BD: The DoD can extend or withhold these protections to the unlawful enemy combatants captured in Iraq as it sees fit. The Geneva Conventions do not compel DoD to extend these benefits. Maybe, but the DoD publicly stated that this protection was in place! Are we to take them at their word or not? Either they intended to be in full compliance with Geneva or they lied to the American people and the Congress by saying that they were in full compliance, while authorizing exceptions. Furthermore, while they agree with Bart that the Geneva Convention does not necessarily apply to AEUCs (and by extension, any such application is in their eyes a privilege, rather than a right), they have been very clear that the Geneva Conventions [b]do[/b] apply to all detainees held in Iraq. For example, look at some pieces from testimony to the House Armed Services Committee: GEN. MYERS: Just to reiterate: the detainees in Iraq are covered under the Geneva Convention... The Geneva Convention applies, and those were the instructions that were issued. --- REP. GINGREY: Treatment is the same for each and every prisoner? GEN. MYERS: Exactly. SEC. RUMSFELD: In terms of the Geneva Convention. --- From Rumsfeld's intro: Some have asked: Hasn’t a climate allowing for abuses to occur been created because of a decision to "disregard" the Geneva Convention? No. Indeed, the U.S. Government recognized that the Geneva Conventions apply in Iraq, and the armed forces are obliged to follow them... We did conclude that our war against al-Qaeda is not governed precisely by the Conventions, but nevertheless announced that detained individuals would be treated consistent with the principles of the Geneva Conventions. Source: http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/2004/sp20040507-secdef0421.html What frightens me is how excited certain people seem to be about defending a designation that allows people to be mistreated legally.
PMS_Chicago said...
BD: Once again, these Captures do not fall under the definition of POWs established by the Geneva Conventions. Of course, the treatment of civilians is also covered in the Geneva Conventions, so being designated a PoW is not a prerequisite to its application. These captures are combatants, not civilians, who do not fall under the definition of POWs under the Geneva Conventions. BD: The DoD can extend or withhold these protections to the unlawful enemy combatants captured in Iraq as it sees fit. The Geneva Conventions do not compel DoD to extend these benefits. Maybe, but the DoD publicly stated that this protection was in place! Are we to take them at their word or not? If there is an order or formal regs in place extending Geneva Convention protections to these unlawful enemy combatant captures, then such orders or regs would have the force of law. If there is only a speech, then it is meaningless. However, Karpinski is claiming that this letter from the Sec Def authorized "civilian contractors" to use coercive techniques against some unidentified category of Captures. If this allegation is true, such a letter would constitute an order with the force of law authorizing such techniques and thus withdrawing POW protections from the captures specified in the letter. Either they intended to be in full compliance with Geneva or they lied to the American people and the Congress by saying that they were in full compliance, while authorizing exceptions. As Professor Lederman observed in his linked post, Geneva Convention rights were not extended to al Qaeda captures. I would hazard a guess that this mystery letter refers to the use of coercive techniques against captured al Qaeda. The "civilian contractors" (read CIA) handle the al Qaeda while the Iraqi captures were usually handled by the military. Thus, when the military stated that it extended POW status to its prisoners, then this is most likely a correct statement. Read your posted statement by Rumsfeld carefully and you will see this distinction: No. Indeed, the U.S. Government recognized that the Geneva Conventions apply in Iraq, and the armed forces are obliged to follow them... We did conclude that our war against al-Qaeda is not governed precisely by the Conventions, but nevertheless announced that detained individuals would be treated consistent with the principles of the Geneva Conventions.
"unlawful enemy combatants captured"
Some retain the uncomfortable feeling that this is a bill of attainder. We "capture" people. A determination is made if they are POWs. Some argue the current system does not meet GC requirements, but so it goes. If they are not, they are civilians, who are still protected by the GC. Then, a "legal" process known as a trial is (ideally) held to determine if the people are "unlawful." POW status supplies a large amount of immunity in this respect, unless rules of law are breached, etc. I esp. like the term "foreign al Qaeda unlawful enemy combatants." This provides the opportunity for a double BOA. First, w/o a trial, people are labeled "al Qaeda," which the term "foreign" underlines is not just a somewhat easy to determine nationality. Second, they are deemed "unlawful." Usually, again, "unlawful" implies a law being broken, which requires a trial etc. [Btw, even if not backed up by the material supplied, it is unclear how we learn the allegation is a "complete lie." Ah, forceful emphasis. Nor, why "This alleged letter is not an order authorizing Karpinski to do anything" is relevant. Is this the claim? We hear tell that "she had seen a letter" etc. Her defense in part was that ultimately she was often a bystander while things went on that she had little power to stop. Thus, the things she "seen." Also, the reference to "sexual" abuses. Not only unclear relevancy, but is this even the only sort of abuses alleged in her case? Dogs etc.] As to CM, I guess the best advice is to follow the links ... the matter has been a long and verbose issue of debate on this blog!
PMS_Chicago said...
What frightens me is how excited certain people seem to be about defending a designation that allows people to be mistreated legally. There is nothing "exciting" about the things you have to do to win wars - killing and maiming other human beings, destroying their property and, yes, making enemy captures miserable to gain intelligence. War is not a game. We are fighting a total war - a life or death challenge with an enemy who will give you no quarter and who is seeking to kill all of your people - soldiers and civilians alike. If by breaking an enemy capture I can prevent yet another bombing indiscriminately slaughtering men, women and children just trying to live their lives, I would authorize every single interrogation technique within the law to bring about that result. This enemy is the closest thing to barbaric evil since the Mongol hoards slaughtered their way across Asia killing everything in its path. They have forfeited any indulgence we might grant another more restrained foe. The only limit I would place on our actions against this enemy are those which our conscience demands. My bright line is the intentional infliction of severe pain. Yours appears to be considerably more lenient. Neither one of us is "wrong" in our conclusions because they are subjective. However, I would urge you to seriously consider the nature of the foe and the consequences of failure before you suggest further restrictions on our forces fighting this war on the front lines.
Anderson:
Our conscience does not refer to your or my personal beliefs, but rather refers to the judgment of the nation as enacted by its elected representatives.
Bart:
You emphasize that Secretary Rumsfeld did not authorize sexual abuse as Abu Ghraib. You also emphasize that that you draw the line only at intentional infliction of severe pain. This raises an obvious question. Do you consider the types of sexual abuse that took place at Abu Ghraib to be lawful and/or permissible?
I have long believed that the most important story about Abu Ghraib was not the abuses that took place there, but how widely we swung our nets and how many people we picked up by mistake. The Red Cross's estimate was that 70-90% of all people we detained at Abu Ghraib were mistakes. Perhaps the Red Cross overestimated. But our own military investigation's estimate was 60%.
Surely we should take into account that we had only 40% certainty that our detainees were the enemy at all in deciding what is and is not lawful
Enlightened Layperson said...
Bart: You emphasize that Secretary Rumsfeld did not authorize sexual abuse as Abu Ghraib. You also emphasize that that you draw the line only at intentional infliction of severe pain. This raises an obvious question. Do you consider the types of sexual abuse that took place at Abu Ghraib to be lawful and/or permissible? Fair question. I was using the severe pain threshold as a shorthand because it applies to the list of coercive interrogation techniques approved by the Executive, which do not include sexual abuse. I would similarly oppose sexual abuse and I believe that the MCA addresses this.
I also agree with Jojo. Every time I try to enter a reasonable dialogue with someone like Bart it proceeds up to a point, but we always end up running into an unbridgeable gulf. And that unbridgeable gulf is always the same -- they see the danger as much more apocalyptic than I do.
It helps explain why dialogue is so difficult -- how do you hold a dialogue with fear? And it creates a definite advantage on their side because it is easier to argue a person into fear than out of it.
Jojo to Bart: It's more likely that you could have a fruitful discussion with the Islamists you despise...
ELP: ...we always end up running into an unbridgeable gulf. ELP: Part of the reason this happens is that Liberals and Conservatives can seem to be entering into the same conversation while in reality laboring under entirely unrelated criteria sets. Typically the Liberal is more inclined to concede points in the name of intellectual or ideological honesty while the Conservative is pursuing the goal of persuading others to their world view. Put differently, the Liberal is seeking to change their own world view to more accurately reflect a complex reality, where the Conservative is seeking to change the world view of others to fit their simplified black-and-white thinking or otherwise create an advantage over the persuaded. So while the opening moves of the game may seem related it is not long before the irreconcilable differences in goals and criteria make themselves felt. Put yet another way, the Liberal is more likely to want to learn, the Conservative more likely to want to teach...or perhaps "preach" is the proper term. Either way, neither the DePalma's nor the bin Laden's nor the O'Reilly's are the slightest bit interested in learning, other than learning more ways to persuade by whatever means necessary. Neither are they allowed the luxury of self-question or self-doubt, both staples of Liberal intellectual honesty. It's like playing chess with someone who can only see the attacks they can make but have no capacity to see the weaknesses of their position. Eventually they always leave themselves open to mate. BTW, what was that part of the MCA, Bart? The one that lets your folks prove your citizenship when you get picked up, wrongfully, as an AUEC? As a final disclaimer, neither Liberals nor Conservatives have a corner on either honesty or verbal abuse. I use those terms in this context advisedly, with folks like DePalma and Rove and bin Laden in mind for "Conservative" and folks like ELP for "Liberal." YMMV.
"Bart" DePalma says:
Once again, these Captures do not fall under the definition of POWs established by the Geneva Conventions. The DoD can extend or withhold these protections to the unlawful enemy combatants captured in Iraq as it sees fit. The Geneva Conventions do not compel DoD to extend these benefits. OIC. There's no POWs in Guantanamo. Nobody captured on the battlefield. No one openly carrying arms. They've all had their CSRTs. IC. "Bart" knows all this, of course, because he wears Sooper-Dooper RepublicanVision® glasses and he gets to see things we mortals can't see.... Cheers,
"Bart" DePalma hasn't read the Geneva Conventions:
["Bart"]: Once again, these Captures do not fall under the definition of POWs established by the Geneva Conventions. [PMS_Chicago]: Of course, the treatment of civilians is also covered in the Geneva Conventions, so being designated a PoW is not a prerequisite to its application. These captures are combatants, not civilians, who do not fall under the definition of POWs under the Geneva Conventions. "Bart" pretends there's a Fifth Geneva Convention Respecting Treatment of Unlawful Enemy Combatants. There is none. The distinction is between the third and fourth conventions ("POW" versus "civilian"). The Fourth Geneva Convention even expressly acknowledges that some "civilians" may be "saboteurs" or "spies" (see, e.g., Articles 4 and 67; also see commentaries on the Fourth Geneva Convention, in particular commentaries on Article 3). I'd note that "Bart" is insistent that there is a legitimate "war" going on, so to turn and then claim that the (alleged) opponents are "brigands" (in the words of the Geneva Conventions), and not subject to the provisions thereof, is just intellectually dishonest. Cheers,
"Bart" DePalma:
This enemy is the closest thing to barbaric evil since the Mongol hoards [sic] slaughtered their way across Asia killing everything in its path. They have forfeited any indulgence we might grant another more restrained foe. Ahhhh. Yessssss. So much more beastly, so much more evil than our civilised Crusaders. ;-) Say, how is killing and destroying all in one's path compatible with a "hoard"? Cheers,
"Bart" DePalma comes clean:
My bright line is the intentional infliction of severe pain. Yours appears to be considerably more lenient. Neither one of us is "wrong" in our conclusions because they are subjective. However, I would urge you to seriously consider the nature of the foe.... I don't notice anything in there about considering "Bart"'s own "nature". Therein lies his problem, methinks. Cheers,
Here's "morality" fer ya:
["Bart" DePalma]: Our conscience does not refer to your or my personal beliefs, but rather refers to the judgment of the nation as enacted by its elected representatives. Nuremburg, here we come. "Bart" is willing to let authorities tell him what his conscience is. As for myself, thanks but no thanks, and I think my road the better of the two. John Dean's got people like "Bart" nailed down in his book Conservatives Without Conscience. Wouldn't help for "Bart" to peruse it (for reasons that Dean expounds on there), but the rest of you ought to give it a read (you can buy from other than Amazon, if your book-buying tastes are a bit bluer). Cheers,
Jojo: Imagine an 8th century Christian discussing the law with a 2nd BC Greek (after translation of course).
I get your point, I truly do. A favorite misquote goes something like, "The problem is we try to understand the universe with a language best suited to saying where the good fruit is." So I am sympathetic to your point, and grateful for the gracious manner in which correction is offered, and look forward to many chances to learn by disagreeing. ;) I am on a long term quest to better explain why "conservatives" so often seem to get the better of "liberals" in conversation. Rigged games like O'Reilly's archtype of disigenuously named shows, "The No-Spin Zone," serve as my prime example. In such settings there is only the feeblest pretense of fair play. Questions are begged willy-nilly, and partisan posturing is palmed off on the television audience as if it was legitimately established truth. Countless viewers then parrot the content and manner of the Coulters and O'Reillys and Gingrinchs, and they rarely get a proper challenge to their unvoiced assumptions and unprovable axioms, in no small part because such people, lacking the analytic ability to actually support the positions they parrot, lapse into more naked aggression when painted into an intellectual corner. Where you invoke a deep cultural divide I look at a different split: the different ends to which discourse can be an means. Bart has quite candidly said his stance is that debate is a means of persuading others to one's world view. I am familiar with that means-ends constellation, but am more inclined toward the "discourse as a means toward finding richly nuanced truths" version. We are of the same culture, Bart and I, we would both agree that a loaf of bread at arm's length on a table before us is exactly what it appears to be. But because his, and Coulter's and Rove's, aim is to persuade others to a given world view he may or may not be able/willing to admit as much. If it is more suitable to his partisan needs he seems fully capable of arguing the loaf of bread is a colony of living beings whose rights must not be abrogated merely for the sake of filling our stomachs. Jojo: The logic is driven by that basic assumption, rather than the other way around. Indeed. There are words for that kind of reasoning, most of them at least faintly pejorative. Back to my quest, of why "liberals" fare so poorly in debate with "conservatives": I maintain the ability (not to mention willingness and undaunted preference for truth over vanity) to question our unspoken and even unprovable axioms is the liberal's short term weakness when faced with thugs like O'Reilly and our long term strength in the pursuit of a just society. Peace.
Your content material is very interesting I love it.
sucses regards future ahead again. by alat bantu wanita alat bantu pria, toko alat bantu
Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. The article is well-written and can be considered as an interesting one to read.
healtybeautycare | kioscantiksehat | kiosprodukkecantikan | kiosobatherbal | serumrambut kini kami akan bahas tentang kesehatan dan kecantikan perawatan tubuh maupun pengobatan secara alami : Berikut : cara peninggi badan Berikut : cara pembesar payudara Berikut : cara merontokan bulu permanen Berikut : Cara pelangsing badan Berikut : cara sehat alami Berikut : cara mempercantik wajah dan tubuh Berikut : cara menggemukan badan Berikut : cara mengobati ejakulasi dini Berikut : Obat penyubur seperma Berikut : penis bendera Berikut : Obat kuat pria Berikut : alat bantu sex pria Berikut : alat bantu sex wanita Berikut : boneka full body Berikut : Cara memperbesar penis Berikut : minyak Oil pembesar penis Berikut : vimax asli canada Berikut : ciri vimax asli TERIMA KASIH
cara mengatasi penyakit secara alami
Obat Herbal Insomnia Akut Obat Herbal Radang Tenggorokan Paling Ampuh Obat Herbal Hernia Tanpa Operasi Obat Herbal Vitiligo Ampuh Obat Herbal Gagal Ginjal Tanpa Cuci Darah Obat Herbal Gendang Telinga Pecah Obat Herbal Leukemia Akut Obat Herbal Kanker Otak Stadium 3 Obat Herbal Amandel Tanpa Operasi Obat Herbal Hepatitis B Paling Ampuh Obat Herbal Kelenjar Tiroid Paling Ampuh Obat Herbal Kista Mujarab Obat Herbal Jantung Koroner Paling Ampuh Obat Herbal Penyakit Chikungunya Obat Herbal Kanker Prostat Tanpa Operasi Khasiat Ace Maxs
From several perspective, I can understood what the story that would you like to say initempatwisata.com
شركة مكافحة حشرات ببريدة
شركة مكافحة الفئران بالرياض شركة مكافحة صراصير بالرياض شركة مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض شركة تسليك مجاري بالرياض شركة عزل اسطح بالرياض شركة عزل خزنات بالرياض شركة تنظيف موكيت بالرياض شركة تنظيف مجالس بالرياض شركة تنظيف سجاد بالرياض شركة تنظيف واجهات حجر بالرياض شركة تنظيف مسابح بالرياض شركة جلي رخام بالرياض شركة غسيل خزانات بالمدينة المنورة شركة مكافحة حشرات بجدة شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركة نقل اثاث بجدة كشف تسربات المياه بمكة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بتبوك
شركة تنظيف بالرياض
كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض شركة عزل خزنات بالرياض شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالرياض شركة تنظيف منازل بالرياض شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة تنظيف خزانات بالرياض شركة جلي رخام بالرياض
so long story almost 10 years to hears this. However, be relax by visiting Indonesia especially to visit Tempat Wisata Bandung
Cara paling manjur mengobati virus herpes kelamin
obat herpes tradisional yang ampuh obat herpes terbaik obat herpes tangan obat herpes tercepat obat herpes tipe 2 obat herpes tradisional untuk bayi obat herpes tenggorokan obat herpes terbaru obat herpes tablet obat herpes tomcat obat herpes tumbuhan Kapur sirih untuk obat kutil kelamin Obat kutil kelamin medis Obat menghilangkan kutil kelamin Obat menyembuhkan kutil kelamin Obat tradisional menyembuhkan kutil kelamin Obat minum untuk kutil kelamin Obat medis untuk kutil kelamin Merek obat kutil kelamin Obat kutil kelamin de nature Nama obat kutil kelamin Obat tradisional buat sipilis Obat herbal buat sipilis Obat dokter buat sipilis
Obat generik buat sipilis
Obat sipilis dengan bayam duri Obat sipilis yang bagus Obat china sipilis Cara obat sipilis di apotik Cara obat sipilis pada pria Cari obat sipilis Contoh obat sipilis http://agusus1.blogspot.com/ http://agusyafii.blogspot.com/ http://amateursexxxx.blogspot.co.id/ Obat sipilis Obat kutil kelamin obat wasirhttp://oplosanobatkutilkelamin.blogspot.com/ http://www.smaboy.com/u/obatkutil http://tinyblogs.net/u/obatkutil/ http://tinyblogs.net/u/obatkutil/ http://obatkutil.blogszino.com/ http://obatkutil.over-blog.com/ http://obatkutilkelamin-tradisional.jimdo.com/ http://www.lautanindonesia.com/blog/obatkutilkelamindanjenggerayam/ http://obatkutilmanjur.weebly.com/ http://obatkutilampuh.livejournal.com/ http://obatkutilkelamintradisional123.blogdetik.com/ http://obatkutil12345.edublogs.org/ http://pengobatankutil.blog.planetbiru.com/ http://obatkutil.freeblog.biz/ http://batkutil.blog.com/
obat gonore apa
obat alternatif gonore obat gonore yang ampuh obat gonore yg ampuh obat gonore yang paling ampuh obat gonore yang dijual di apotik obat buat gonore obat bakteri gonore obat paten penyakit gonore obat herbal untuk penyakit gonore obat antibiotik untuk penyakit gonore obat tradisional untuk penyakit gonore resep obat gonore ramuan obat gonore obat sakit gonore obat suntik gonore obat untuk sakit gonore supertetra obat gonore obat alami sembuhkan gonore obat gonore tradisional obat gonore terbaik obat gonore terbaru obat gonore tangerang Obat herpes tradisional yang ampuh Obat herpes zoster Obat herpes kulit Obat herpes simplex Obat herpes genital Obat herpes di apotik Obat herpes kulit di apotik
Obat herpes genital di apotik
Obat herpes untuk bayi Obat herpes untuk ibu hamil Obat herpes ampuh Obat herpes untuk anak Obat herpes mulut Pengobatan herbal kutil kelamin wanita pengobatan ampuh kutil kelamin pada wanita obat kutil kelamin yang ada di apotik obat kutil kelamin yg dijual di apotik obat kutil di kemaluan wanita pengobatan kutil kelamin pada pria pengobatan penyakit kutil kelamin pada pria obat penyakit kutil pada kelamin pria Pengobatan kutil kelamin aman dan tanpa operasi obat kutil pada alat kelamin pria pengobatan kutil kelamin pengobatan kutil kelamin pada pria dan wanita pengobatan kutil kelamin pria pengobatan kutil kelamin wanita pengobatan kutil kelamin dengan cuka apel pengobatan kutil kelamin di anus Cara mengobati kutil di kelamin wanita hamil pengobatan kutil kelamin di bandung Cara mengobati jengger ayam dan kutil kelamin obat kutil kelamin Obat wasir herbal tanpa operasi Obat wasir herbal stadium 4 tanpa operasi Cara mengobati wasir dan ambeien
Obat menyembuhkan kutil kelamin
Obat tradisional menyembuhkan kutil kelamin Obat minum untuk kutil kelamin Obat medis untuk kutil kelamin Obat kutil kelamin DE NATURE Merek obat kutil kelamin Obat kutil kelamin de nature Nama obat kutil kelamin Nama salep obat kutil kelamin Obat kutil kelamin tanpa operasi Obat oles untuk kutil kelamin Obat kutil di alat kelamin pria Obat untuk kutil pada kelamin Obat tradisional kutil pada kelamin Obat penyakit kutil kelamin Obat penghilang kutil kelamin Obat perontok kutil kelamin Obat tradisional kutil kelamin pada pria Obat untuk penyakit kutil kelamin Propolis untuk obat kutil kelamin Obat alami untuk penyakit kutil kelamin Obat kutil pd kelamin Resep obat kutil kelamin Obat anti sifilis Obat sipilis dijual di apotik Obat sipilis murah di apotik Obat alami sipilis pada pria Obat sifilis ampuh
Obat sifilis apotik
Obat sipilis beli di apotik Obat sipilis buat wanita Obat sipilis buatan sendiri Obat sipilis bagi wanita Obat buat sipilis Obat biotik sifilis Obat antibiotik buat sipilis Obat tradisional buat sipilis Obat herbal buat sipilis Obat dokter buat sipilis Obat generik buat sipilis Obat sipilis dengan bayam duri Obat sipilis yang bagus Obat buat sifilis Obat sipilis.com Obat sipilis ciprofloxacin Obat china sipilis obat kutil kelamin dan leher obat alami menghilangkan kutil kelamin obat tradisional untuk menghilangkan kutil kelamin kumpulan obat kutil kelamin obat tradisional kutil kelamin obat penyakit kutil kelamin obat tradisional untuk kutil kelamin
obat herbal kutil kelamin
obat alami untuk menghilangkan kutil kelamin obat alami kutil kelamin Obat kencing nanah pria Obat kencing nanah dan darah Obat kencing nanah apotik Obat kencing nanah antibiotik Obat kencing nanah amoxicillin Obat kencing nanah apa Obat kencing nanah apa ya Obat kencing nanah atau gonore Obat kencing nanah akut Obat kencing nanah ada di apotik Obat kencing nanah di apotik umum Obat kencing nanah paling ampuh Obat kencing nanah yang ampuh Obat kencing nanah secara alami Obat kencing nanah bandung Obat kencing nanah buatan sendiri Obat kencing nanah yang bisa dibeli di apotik Obat herbal untuk mengobati kencing nanah Obat kencing nanah paling bagus Obat kencing nanah yang bisa dibeli di apotek Obat kencing nanah di apotik bebas Obat kencing nanah yang dijual bebas
عزيزى العميل نقدم اليكم ارقى الخدمات بالرياض نقدمالسكم خدمة فريدة من نوعها الا وهى خدمة شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة الاوائل
نستخدم ارقى السيارات الحديثة المجهزة لعملية النقل تعددت الشركات ولكنا اصبحنا نحن الافضل والاجدرفى الرياض فى تلك المجال تغليف الاثاث من اختصاصنا شركة رائدة وله باع طويل تميزت بالفك والتركيب والتغليف ولدينا ارقى الطرق فى اعمال التنظيف تنظيف الشقق الفلل المنازل بالرياض اختصت شركتنا بتطوير اعمال التنظيف وتطوير طرق التنظيف واستخدام افضل الادوات الحديثة بواسطة ارقى الماكينات الحديثة المتخصصة فى اعمال التنظيف فتقدم شركتنا شركة الاوائل افضل شركة تنظيف بالرياض الطرق التى تنال على اعجاب الكثيرون وتعتبر شركتنا افضل الشركات بمدينة الرياض لدينا خدمات اخرى فى تسليك المجارى با احداث الماكينات والاجهزة اليكم افضل شركة تسليك مجارى بالرياض شركة الاوائل الشركة الاولى فى الرياض التى حازت على اعجاب الكثيرون شركة الأوائل الشركة التى تجعل وجه شركتك او فيلتك فى ارقى المظاهر شركة تنظيف واجهات زجاج بالرياض وللتوقف خدمتنا فيوجد لدينا اوناش متخصصة لعمليات الزجاج فتنظيفالزجاج يعد العامل الرئيسيى لدينا نستخدم ماكينات وادوات متخصصة فى تلك المجال مجال شركة الأوائل الشركة العالمية والتى تعتمد علىافضل العمالة المدربة شركة تنظيف خزانات بالرياض لديكم شركة الاوائل الشركة الافضل والارخص فللاتترد بالتواصل مع مندوب الشركة لنيل وعجز خدمتك فى اسرع وقت ممكن وايضا تخصصنا فى مجال تنظيف الخزانات وتعيمها نستخدم مواد تعقيم ايطالية فى مجدال ش شركة الاوائل تعد الاقوى على الاطلاق فى تلك المجال لوجود فرق عمل كثيرة ومتنوعة شركة تنظيف فلل بالرياض وتعتمد ايضا على طرق تنظيف حديثة اسعارنا لا تقبل النقاش ونقدم خدمات عديدة فى مجال شركة تنظيف الفلل واستخدام ارقى الماكينات فى تلك الخدمة للوصول الى ارق الوسائل والسبل لتحقيق افضل خدمة اليكم خدمات شراء الاثاث المستعمل ايضا اود انك ترسلى غيرى تلك العفش نقوم با ارسال فنى لتعين الاثاث نبيع با ارخص الاسعار ونشترى با انسب الاسعار من العملاء اتصل نصل فى الحال شركة شراء اثاث مستعمل الرياض نحن نريد اخذ ثقة جميع العملاء لدى شركتنا شركة الاوائل الشركة الاقوى على الاطلاق
ضفاف الخليج
كشف تسربات المياه كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض عزل مائي عزل الاسطح عزل خزانات شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة نقل عفش بالرياض نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة رش مبيدات بالرياض مكافحة الحشرات رش مبيدات بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة تنظيف منازل بالرياض شركة تنظيف فلل بالرياض <a href="https://www.defafalkhleej.com/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84/
شركة النقاء للخدمات المنزلية
شركة النقاء شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض افضل شركة كشف تسربات المياه مستودعات تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة تنظيف بجدة شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالرياض رش النمل الابيض افضل شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض
مكافحة النمل الابيض قبل البناء
مكافحة النمل الابيض في المنزل http://www.scoop.it/t/al-nqaa https://www.tumblr.com/blog/alnqaa شركة مكافحة حشرات بالرياض شركة تنظيف خزانات بجده شركة نظافة بجده شركة مكافحة حشرات بجده شركة تنظيف بجازان شركة نقل اثاث بجده شركة جلي بلاط بالرياض شركة تنظيف بمكة شركة مكافحة حشرات بمكة النمل الابيض شركة مكافحة حشرات بينبع شركة تنظيف بينبع شركة نقل اثاث بينبع شركة تنظيف خزانات بجدة شركة تنظيف بابها شركة تنظيف بابها كشف تسربات المياه شركة كشف تسربات بالرياض شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة تخزين عفش بالرياض
شركة عزل خزانات بالرياض
مستودعات تخزين الاثاث بالرياض كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة تخزين اثاث في الرياض شركة تخزين اثاث شركة مكافحة حشرات شمال الرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات شرق الرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركات تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة تخزين عفش بالرياض مستودعات لحفظ الاثاث بالرياض
كشف تسربات المياه بالرياض
شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض كشف تسربات المياه كشف تسربات المياه شركات تنظيف بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام افضل شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة تنظيف شقق بجده شركة تنظيف فلل بجده مكافحة الحشرات بالدمام شركة تنظيف فلل بالدمام شركة تنظيف منازل بالدمام شركة تنظيف شقق بالدمام شركات تخزين الاثاث بالرياض
شركة تنظيف شقق بالرياض
شركة تنظيف مجالس بالرياض شركة تنظيف منازل بالرياض شركة تنظيف خزانات بالرياض شركة تنظيف شقق بجده شركة تنظيف فلل بجده شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام شراء الاثاث المستعمل بالرياض كشف تسربات المياة شرق الرياض افضل شركة كشف تسربات المياة بالرياض شركة تنظيف منازل بالدمام شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض تخزين اثاث بالرياض
شركة مكافحة حشرات بجدة
شركة تنظيف بجدة شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالرياض محلات شراء الاثاث المستعمل بالرياض شركة غسيل خزانات بالمدينة المنورة شركة تنظيف شقق بالمدينة المنورة افضل شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالرياض الصفرات للتنظيف شركة تخزين اثاث بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بمكة شركة تنظيف بالرياض مجربه شركة تنظيف بالاحساء شركة شراء اثاث مستعمل بالرياض شركات تخزين الاثاث بالرياض شركة نقل اثاث بالدمام شركة تنظيف فلل بالرياض الصفرات
شركة تنظيف فلل بالرياض
شركة تنظيف فلل شمال بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالمدينة المنورة شركة تنظيف بالمدينة المنورة شركة تنظيف فلل بجدة شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالطائف شركة مكافحة حشرات بحائل شركة مكافحة حشرات بجازان
شركة تنظيف بالطائف
شركة نقل اثاث بالطائف شركة رش مبيدات بالدمام شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالجبيل شركة مكافحة حشرات بالاحساء شركة النقاء كشف تسربات المياه شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة النقاء شركة تنظيف بالرياض
موقع خادمات اضخم موقع لطلب العمالة او التنازل عنها: خادمات - سائقون - فنيون - كوافيرات - ممرضات - مربيات - عمالة - تاشيرات - استقدام - العمالة المنزلية والعديد من الخدمات الأخرى. يعتبر موقع خادمات من أفضل المواقع في هذا المجال حيث يقدم كافة الخدمات بأسعار منافسة مقارنة بالمواقع الأخرى. فقط قم بزيارة موقعنا وأطلب طلبك فوراً.
شركة نور الدمام شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة تنظيف فلل بالدمام شركة تنظيف شقق بالدمام شركة تنظيف مجالس بالدمام شركة تسليك مجارى بالدمام شركة كشف تسربات بالدمام شركة تنظيف بالاحساء شركة تنظيف فلل بالاحساء شركة تنظيف شقق بالاحساء شركة تنظيف مجالس بالاحساء شركة تنظيف مسابح بالاحساء شركة كشف تسربات بالاحساء شركة تنظيف بالقطيف شركة تنظيف شقق بالقطيف شركة تنظيف فلل بالرياض شركة مكافحة حشرات بالرياض شركة رش مبيدات بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام شركة تنظيف شركة تنظيف فلل بالدمام شركة تيم كلين شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة تنظيف بالرياض شركة تنظيف بجده شركة تنظيف خزانات بجده شركة تسليك مجارى بالدمام شركة تنظيف مجالس بالرياض شركة تنظيف بجازان
شركة تنظيف منازل وبيوت بالدمام
شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام شركة تسليك مجاري بالدمام شركة تنظيف بالخبر شركة مكافحة حشرات بالخبر شركة تسليك مجارى بالخبر شركة تنظيف بالاحساء شركة مكافحة حشرات بالاحساء شركة تسليك مجارى بالاحساء شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام شركة تسليك مجارى بالدمام شركة مكافحة حشرات بالاحساء شركة مكافحة حشرات بالقطيف شركة مكافحة حشرات بالخبر شركة مكافحة حشرات بالجبيل شركة تسليك مجاري بالاحساء شركة تسليك مجاري بالجبيل شركة تسليك مجاري بالخبر شركة تسليك مجاري بالقطيف شركة تنظيف بالاحساء شركة تنظيف بالجبيل شركة تنظيف بالخبر شركة تنظيف بالقطيف
اليك افضل الاليات فى تلك المجال نستخدم ارقى العمالة المدربة فى مجال شركة تنظيف خزانات بالرياض شركة رائدة وله باع طويل ولديهم خبرات كبيرة وعديدة
نحن نقوم بعدة خدمات بمدينة الرياض اهمها تنظيف الخزانات فتنظيف الخزانات امر ضرورى لابد من الاحاطة بالعلم ان تنظيف الخزانات يحتاج الى عمالة مدربةعل اعلى مستوى ممكن واليكم افضل شركة تنظيف مسابح بالرياض -وايضا تقوم شركتنا بتنظيف المسابح بمدينة الرياض ونقوم با اعداد جيد للمسابح فنقوم بصيانة المسابح وتنظيفها شركة صيانة مسابح بالرياض شركة لهباع طويلفى مدينة الرياض وتقوم شركتنا بخدمة النقل والتغليف والفك والتركيب ولدينا سمعة كبيرة فى تلك المجال مجال شركة نقل اثاث بالرياض شركة الاوائل الشركة الاولى بمدينة الرياض فنحشركة تنظيف واجهات حجر بالرياض شركة الاوائل التى تعتبر الاحسن والافضل فى تلك الفترة وايضا تخصصنا فى تنظيف وجهات الزجاج وتشمل شركة تنظيف واجهات زجاج بالرياض اتصل نصل اليك افضل الخدمات التى تقدم للعملاء خدمات كبيرة وعديدة وانتشرت فروعنا لتغطى مكافحة النمل الابيض بالرياض شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالرياض شركة له باع طويل وله ثقة كبيرة وله اثر واضح وتعتمد على افضل المبيدات العصرية الكبيرة المصرح من وزراة الصحة والسكان ومع شركتنا لا خوف على منزلك نقوم بالابادة الفورية وتمكنا من استبدال الاثاث المستعمل 8 شركة الاوائل الشركة الاولى بالرياض افضل الاسعار وافضل الخدمات اتصل نصل اليك متوجدين بالقرب منك بالرياض اتصل نصل
افضل خدمات شركات نقل اثاث بالدمام التى تقوم بافضل خدمات نقل الاثاث المنزلى بالدمام الى جانب الروعة فى شركات نقل عفش بجدة التى تقوم بافضل خدمات نقل الاثاث المنزلى بمدينة جدة واليك عزيى العميل افضل خدمات حراج الاثاث المستعمل بالرياض التى تعطيك وتقدم اليك افضل اسعار شراء الاثاث المستعمل الموجود لديك فلا تتردد بالاتصال تخزين عفش بالرياض او شركات تنظيف بالرياض او كشف تسربات المياه بجدة التى تقدم افضل الخدمات.
أرخص شركات نقل الأثاث
أرخص شركات نقل الأثاث بحلوان ونش رفع عفش : انقل أثاث منزلك بسهولة معنا 01121204368 < نقل عفش 01121204368 01121204368 شركة هوم تو هوم لرفع وانزال الاثاث والعفش فى مصر أشركات نقل الاثاث 6 اكتوبر – هوم تو هوم سفن ستارز لرفع العفش في مصر سفن ستارز لنقل عفش في الرحاب نحن ارخص شركة رفع عفش اطول ونش رفع عفش اطول ونش رفع اثاث نقل عفش
نقل عفش
رفع عفش نقل عفش في مصر شركة رفع عفش نقل اثاث ونش رفع عفش سيارات نقل عفش شركات رفع العفش نقل عفش في مصر رفع عفش في مصر نقل عفش في الرحاب ارخص شركة رفع عفش ارخص ونش رفع عفش ارخص ونش رفع اثاث افضل شركة لنقل العفش رفع عفش العبور نقل عفش مدينتي شركة رفع عفش في6 اكتوبر لدينا افضل نقل اثاث اسرع ونش رفع عفش سيارات نقل العفش شركات رفع العفش سفن ستارز سفن ستارز لنقل العفش سفن ستارز لرفع العفش في مصر سفن ستارز لنقل عفش في الرحاب نحن ارخص شركة رفع عفش اطول ونش رفع عفش شركة شراء اثاث افضل شركة كشف تسربات بالرياض ارخص شركة كشف تسربات افضل شركة ترميمات بالرياض ارخص شركة دهانات بالرياض شركة شفط بيارات بالرياض
|
Books by Balkinization Bloggers Linda C. McClain and Aziza Ahmed, The Routledge Companion to Gender and COVID-19 (Routledge, 2024) David Pozen, The Constitution of the War on Drugs (Oxford University Press, 2024) Jack M. Balkin, Memory and Authority: The Uses of History in Constitutional Interpretation (Yale University Press, 2024) Mark A. Graber, Punish Treason, Reward Loyalty: The Forgotten Goals of Constitutional Reform after the Civil War (University of Kansas Press, 2023) Jack M. Balkin, What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said: The Nation's Top Legal Experts Rewrite America's Most Controversial Decision - Revised Edition (NYU Press, 2023) Andrew Koppelman, Burning Down the House: How Libertarian Philosophy Was Corrupted by Delusion and Greed (St. Martin’s Press, 2022) Gerard N. Magliocca, Washington's Heir: The Life of Justice Bushrod Washington (Oxford University Press, 2022) Joseph Fishkin and William E. Forbath, The Anti-Oligarchy Constitution: Reconstructing the Economic Foundations of American Democracy (Harvard University Press, 2022) Mark Tushnet and Bojan Bugaric, Power to the People: Constitutionalism in the Age of Populism (Oxford University Press 2021). Mark Philip Bradley and Mary L. Dudziak, eds., Making the Forever War: Marilyn B. Young on the Culture and Politics of American Militarism Culture and Politics in the Cold War and Beyond (University of Massachusetts Press, 2021). Jack M. Balkin, What Obergefell v. Hodges Should Have Said: The Nation's Top Legal Experts Rewrite America's Same-Sex Marriage Decision (Yale University Press, 2020) Frank Pasquale, New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI (Belknap Press, 2020) Jack M. Balkin, The Cycles of Constitutional Time (Oxford University Press, 2020) Mark Tushnet, Taking Back the Constitution: Activist Judges and the Next Age of American Law (Yale University Press 2020). Andrew Koppelman, Gay Rights vs. Religious Liberty?: The Unnecessary Conflict (Oxford University Press, 2020) Ezekiel J Emanuel and Abbe R. Gluck, The Trillion Dollar Revolution: How the Affordable Care Act Transformed Politics, Law, and Health Care in America (PublicAffairs, 2020) Linda C. McClain, Who's the Bigot?: Learning from Conflicts over Marriage and Civil Rights Law (Oxford University Press, 2020) Sanford Levinson and Jack M. Balkin, Democracy and Dysfunction (University of Chicago Press, 2019) Sanford Levinson, Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Duke University Press 2018) Mark A. Graber, Sanford Levinson, and Mark Tushnet, eds., Constitutional Democracy in Crisis? (Oxford University Press 2018) Gerard Magliocca, The Heart of the Constitution: How the Bill of Rights became the Bill of Rights (Oxford University Press, 2018) Cynthia Levinson and Sanford Levinson, Fault Lines in the Constitution: The Framers, Their Fights, and the Flaws that Affect Us Today (Peachtree Publishers, 2017) Brian Z. Tamanaha, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017) Sanford Levinson, Nullification and Secession in Modern Constitutional Thought (University Press of Kansas 2016) Sanford Levinson, An Argument Open to All: Reading The Federalist in the 21st Century (Yale University Press 2015) Stephen M. Griffin, Broken Trust: Dysfunctional Government and Constitutional Reform (University Press of Kansas, 2015) Frank Pasquale, The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information (Harvard University Press, 2015) Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2014) Balkinization Symposium on We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution Joseph Fishkin, Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity (Oxford University Press, 2014) Mark A. Graber, A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism (Oxford University Press, 2013) John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013) Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013) Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2013) Andrew Koppelman, The Tough Luck Constitution and the Assault on Health Care Reform (Oxford University Press, 2013) James E. Fleming and Linda C. McClain, Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues (Harvard University Press, 2013) Balkinization Symposium on Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues Andrew Koppelman, Defending American Religious Neutrality (Harvard University Press, 2013) Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2012) Sanford Levinson, Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance (Oxford University Press, 2012) Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012) Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012) Jack M. Balkin, Living Originalism (Harvard University Press, 2011) Jason Mazzone, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law (Stanford University Press, 2011) Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011) Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an Unjust World (Harvard University Press, 2011) Gerard Magliocca, The Tragedy of William Jennings Bryan: Constitutional Law and the Politics of Backlash (Yale University Press, 2011) Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Harvard University Press, 2010) Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic (Harvard University Press, 2010) Balkinization Symposium on The Decline and Fall of the American Republic Ian Ayres. Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (Bantam Books, 2010) Mark Tushnet, Why the Constitution Matters (Yale University Press 2010) Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff: Lifecycle Investing: A New, Safe, and Audacious Way to Improve the Performance of Your Retirement Portfolio (Basic Books, 2010) Jack M. Balkin, The Laws of Change: I Ching and the Philosophy of Life (2d Edition, Sybil Creek Press 2009) Brian Z. Tamanaha, Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging (Princeton University Press 2009) Andrew Koppelman and Tobias Barrington Wolff, A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association (Yale University Press 2009) Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, The Constitution in 2020 (Oxford University Press 2009) Heather K. Gerken, The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It (Princeton University Press 2009) Mary Dudziak, Exporting American Dreams: Thurgood Marshall's African Journey (Oxford University Press 2008) David Luban, Legal Ethics and Human Dignity (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007) Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart (Bantam 2007) Jack M. Balkin, James Grimmelmann, Eddan Katz, Nimrod Kozlovski, Shlomit Wagman and Tal Zarsky, eds., Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment (N.Y.U. Press 2007) Jack M. Balkin and Beth Simone Noveck, The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds (N.Y.U. Press 2006) Andrew Koppelman, Same Sex, Different States: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross State Lines (Yale University Press 2006) Brian Tamanaha, Law as a Means to an End (Cambridge University Press 2006) Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (Oxford University Press 2006) Mark Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (Cambridge University Press 2006) Jack M. Balkin, ed., What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said (N.Y.U. Press 2005) Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (Oxford University Press 2004) Balkin.com homepage Bibliography Conlaw.net Cultural Software Writings Opeds The Information Society Project BrownvBoard.com Useful Links Syllabi and Exams |