E-mail:
Jack Balkin: jackbalkin at yahoo.com
Bruce Ackerman bruce.ackerman at yale.edu
Ian Ayres ian.ayres at yale.edu
Corey Brettschneider corey_brettschneider at brown.edu
Mary Dudziak mary.l.dudziak at emory.edu
Joey Fishkin joey.fishkin at gmail.com
Heather Gerken heather.gerken at yale.edu
Abbe Gluck abbe.gluck at yale.edu
Mark Graber mgraber at law.umaryland.edu
Stephen Griffin sgriffin at tulane.edu
Jonathan Hafetz jonathan.hafetz at shu.edu
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Andrew Koppelman akoppelman at law.northwestern.edu
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Sanford Levinson slevinson at law.utexas.edu
David Luban david.luban at gmail.com
Gerard Magliocca gmaglioc at iupui.edu
Jason Mazzone mazzonej at illinois.edu
Linda McClain lmcclain at bu.edu
John Mikhail mikhail at law.georgetown.edu
Frank Pasquale pasquale.frank at gmail.com
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Deborah Pearlstein dpearlst at yu.edu
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Richard Primus raprimus at umich.edu
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Brian Tamanaha btamanaha at wulaw.wustl.edu
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Today is the 40th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Civil Rights Act is one of the great achievements of American democracy. It is worth reminding ourselves how difficult it was to get the bill passed, and how many people opposed the bill, arguing it would interfere with private freedom and state's rights. The rights that many Americans now take for granted were the result of many years of courageous struggle by civil rights protesters and the persistence of politicans like Lyndon Johnson and Hubert Humphrey.
Title II of the Civil Rights Act mandated non-discrimination in places of public accomodation like restaurants, stores, and hotels. It responded to the demands of the Civil Rights Movement for an end to the discriminatory practices of private businesses across a wide spectrum of everyday life.
Title VII of the Act prohibited discrimination in employment, and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Title VII also banned discrimination on the basis of sex; thus it was a milestone in protection for women's rights as well as the rights of African-Americans.
Finally, Title VI of the Act required that educational institutions that received federal funds not discriminate on the basis of race. This made the Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education practically enforceable, and it placed the weight of the national legislature behind the goal of school desegregation. After the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Brown v. Board of Education truly became the law of the land. It is therefore entirely fitting that we celebrate both the 50th anniversary of Brown and the 40th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act this year.
Thank you for the reminder. I needed to read this JB post and Shaq's comment on this day before the 4th of July. The ring of patriotism feels great -- instead of the rampant militant nationalism that appears to masquerade as patriotism here in Nevada and that seems to dominate the discourse, as well. Thanks again. David
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